An ecogeographic survey is the process of obtaining, collating and analyzing different kinds of existing data pertaining to a specific group of crop species within a defined geographic region. Such a study is essential in that it provides information on the current status of crop genetic resources in the country and hence also is the first step in the development of an effective conservation strategy. The Ecogeographic survey gives indication on the crops to be prioritized for collection and when to collect the crop. This programme involves mapping and use of GIS information systems
Regeneration is the process of generating fresh new seed from conserved crop seed. This is usually done when conserved seed loses viability. If the germination percentage of the stored seed falls below 80% then the seed is planted out in order to obtain new seed with a prolonged life span. Regeneration is carried out in most cases in other research centres across the country particularly in Natural regions with environmental conditions well suited to the specific crop to be regenerated.
Characterization is the physical assessment and recording of the basic botanical and morphological characteristics of plant species that are easily seen and measured. Morphological characters (includes plant height, grain colour, grain size, leaf shape,etc)are recorded with the aim to establish differences or similarities in phenotypic identity of each accessions. Characterization information is important to Genebank for it facilitates the development of core collections by identification and removal of unnecessary duplication of material hence conserves what is necessary. The characterization information adds value to accessions stored in the Genebank, and also provides a basis for decision making in crop breeding or crop development program hence must be carried out on every accession in the Genebank. Characterization is usually included during regeneration.
Biotechnology
The Biotechnology program involves two major activities which are:
Biotechnology Research
Biotechnology program involves the conservation and research on genetic resources through the use of technologies used in biotechnology such astissue culture,Invitroconservation,cryopreservation,DNA marker techniques(for use in molecular characterization),embryo rescue, andpollen culture.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) testing
Zimbabwe is a GMO free country and for all plant genetic resources being exported or imported into the country, GRBI is responsible for verifying the GM status of the materials, being exported through GM certification and GM testing for materials being imported into the country.
Focal Point for the International Treaty On Plant Genetic Resources For Food And Agriculture
Zimbabwe is a signatory to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA).The Government of Zimbabwe signed the ITPGRFA on 30 October 2002 and subsequently ratified it on 5 July 2005. Therefore for Zimbabwe to fully realize and capitalize on the privileges and opportunities brought about by the ITPGRFA, Zimbabwe is has to domesticate this Treaty. Domestication means that Zimbabwe has incorporate the ITPGRFA into national laws and legislation. The GRBI is the national focal point for all policy issues related to plant genetic resources and the domestication of the ITPGRFA. The GRBI is currently working on developing the National Agro biodiversity Act, which is aimed at the management and conservation agro biodiversity in Zimbabwe.